- Ethereum developers aim to start working on Hegota later this year after completing the Glamsterdam protocol upgrade in the first of 2026.
- One of the headline changes will be fork-choice inclusion lists, or FOCIL, which would take away the power of block builders to censor any valid transactions.
The Ethereum network is gearing up to welcome Glamsterdam, a major upgrade in the first half of 2026 that will put privacy, scaling and decentralization back in focus, as we reported. However, the core developers are looking beyond Glamsterdam and onto Hegota, yet another upgrade that could be implemented in late 2026.
Hegota is still very early in its development, but it’s already sparking major debates and divisions among the developers. It’s expected to introduce tweaks to the validator and consensus mechanisms and expand on the scaling and UX improvements introduced by Pectra, which was implemented mid-last year, as we reported.
However, the biggest debate is around fork-choice enforced inclusion lists, or FOCIL. This new consensus mechanism aims to guarantee there is no more transaction censorship on Ethereum by ensuring that all valid transactions are included on-chain, even if block builders would otherwise have blocked or delayed them.
Currently, Ethereum separates block proposers and builders, a change that was enforced by The Merge. The validators secure consensus and propose blocks on the Beacon Chain, while block builders assemble these transactions into a block. As it is, only a few builders dominate the network and build a majority of the blocks. This group has unchecked control over which transactions go into the blocks.
FOCIL would disrupt this setup by guaranteeing transaction inclusion in a block and embedding this assurance into Ethereum’s core.
Under FOCIL, validators would form small random committees whose members would propose all the valid transactions from their mempools. These transactions would have to be included on blocks by the block builders, even if they don’t agree with their inclusion. This would ensure that Ethereum never falls into the hands of a few centralized parties which would hijack its decentralization ethos.
Thomas Thiery, the developer who proposed FOCIL, explained:
Without FOCIL, this core Ethereum value is not actually guaranteed, leaving the protocol vulnerable to mass censorship events.
Hegota Proposals: Encrypted Transactions, Quantum Resistance
While FOCIL would be the standout shift, it wouldn’t be the only change under Hegota. One proposal is to include frame transactions, whose gas payments and validation would be defined by code at the smart contract level. Currently, all transaction rely on a protocol-level format defined in the network’s consensus rules; sender signs the transaction with their private key and pays the gas fee.
Under frame transactions, users could define individual logic for their transactions, like allowing a third party to pay the gas fee, or signing with their desired signature schemes and not having to rely on Ethereum’s ECDSA, which is not quantum resistant.
This proposal has received the backing of most developers, including founder Vitalik Buterin, whom, as CNF has reported, has been warning about the danger that quantum computers pose to crypto. In an online discussion with other developers, Buterin said that this proposal “does basically satisfy everything that, at least I’ve been pushing for — the entire list of goals of account abstraction.”
Another proposal is for Ethereum transactions to be encrypted at the network level under a new universal enshrined encrypted mempool. Developer Jannik Luhn, who proposed this upgrade, says that most Ethereum users are using private remote procedure call endpoints (RPCs), “which I think proves that there’s user demand.”
However, this approach relies on trusting third parties who build these RPCs with sensitive information, which is “bad for decentralization and censorship-resistance.”
ETH trades at $2,135 at press time, shedding over 5% in the past week as its weekly losses hit 30% in a brutal week for the crypto market.
Credit: Source link
