Iris Coleman
Feb 05, 2026 14:20
Celestia argues Layer 2s should become sovereign networks using modular data availability, citing $4.4B in Solana validator costs as reason to avoid traditional L1 architecture.
Celestia is making its case for why Layer 2 networks should cut ties with their parent chains and embrace what it calls “sovereign independence” — a pitch that arrives just as Vitalik Buterin publicly de-emphasizes L2s in Ethereum’s roadmap.
The modular blockchain network published a blog post on February 5 arguing that the traditional L2 model — where rollups serve as subordinate extensions of Ethereum — has run its course. Instead, Celestia wants developers building high-performance networks to use its data availability layer while maintaining full control over their execution environments.
The Economic Argument
Celestia’s core pitch centers on validator economics. The post cites eye-popping figures: Hyperliquid reportedly paid $311 million in token issuance during 2025 to maintain its validator set, while Solana shelled out approximately $4.4 billion in the same period. These costs stem from the need to incentivize decentralized validators who handle ordering, execution, and data availability simultaneously.
“Building a Celestia-enabled sovereign network bypasses this overhead,” the company argues. By outsourcing data availability to a specialized provider, networks can theoretically achieve similar security guarantees without the massive inflation required to bootstrap a native validator set.
The timing isn’t coincidental. Buterin stated on February 4 that L2s are “no longer essential as capacity providers” following recent Ethereum upgrades that expanded mainnet throughput. ETH dropped 7.34% in the 24 hours following the announcement, trading at $2,109.76 as of February 5.
Why This Matters for L2 Builders
Celestia takes direct aim at the Proof-of-Authority alternative that some chains adopt to avoid validator inflation. The post calls PoA systems “a centralized database with a token attached,” arguing they create an inescapable tradeoff where small validator sets become bottlenecks as throughput demands increase.
The company positions its architecture as a middle ground: centralized execution for speed, but with data posted to Celestia so users can independently verify state without trusting sequencers.
For developers currently building on Ethereum L2s, the message is pointed: “Stay tethered to an architecture that no longer puts them first, or move to infrastructure tailor-built with their needs in mind.”
What’s Actually Being Offered
Strip away the positioning and Celestia is essentially selling data availability as a service. Networks using Celestia can run their own sequencers while posting transaction data to Celestia’s chain, theoretically achieving sub-second latency without needing to match the infrastructure costs of standalone L1s.
Whether this model gains traction depends largely on how Ethereum’s own scaling roadmap evolves. L2 founders have indicated they’ll continue building despite Buterin’s comments, with many pivoting toward specialization — privacy features, application-specific chains, or regional deployments — rather than competing purely on fees.
Celestia’s TIA token serves as the payment mechanism for data availability on the network. The company is directing interested developers to its Head of Partnerships for further discussions.
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